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China Pakistan Closer Look

/reports/2010/china-pakistan-closer-look

On March 31, 2010, CNA China Studies hosted a half-day roundtable to discuss China’s relations with and activities in Pakistan. (Appendix B presents the agenda of this roundtable.) Participants included U.S. government officials, active-duty military personnel, and analysts from think-tanks in Washington and Brussels. This CNA report is based primarily on the presentations, findings, and discussions at the CNA roundtable and supplemented by contextual data and analysis by the author. This report does not represent a fully coordinated consensus of the roundtable participants. Points based on independent research are footnoted as such; points raised by panelists or in the discussion are attributed to the roundtable in the text.

with and activities in Pakistan. (Appendix B presents the agenda of this roundtable.) Participants included U.S. government officials, active-duty military personnel, and analysts from think-tanks in Washington ... disputes in their shared borders with India; a history of hostility and confrontation with India; and a mutual interest in maneuvering to balance or contain India’s power and influence in the region ... .  The Gwadar port and Karakoram Highway have been targeted by extremists, as have Chinese citizens living and working in Pakistan. China-Pakistan relations have a strong military component, which some

Fact Sheet: Desert Storm Firsts

/quick-looks/2021/fact-sheet-desert-storm-firsts

Desert Storm Demonstrated a number of important firsts

Fact Sheet: Desert Storm Firsts Desert Storm Demonstrated a number of important firsts DESERT STORM WAS THE FIRST MAJOR WAR IN A GENERATION FOR THE U.S. MILITARY. THE GULF WAR DEMONSTRATED A NUMBER ... filled most combat missions. Reserve units successfully filled essential rear-echelon missions such as logistics, engineering and medicine. First conflict in history to make comprehensive use ... important, lesson of the Gulf War is that distinct military forces can learn to work together. The second lesson must be that all the services have much yet to learn about ‘jointness.’” Peter Perla

China Russia Space Cooperation May 2023

/reports/2023/06/china-russia-space-cooperation-may-2023

China-Russia space relations suggest a deepening mutual trust and China’s rise as a space power, but secrecy shrouds the full extent of their cooperation.

efforts that balance against U.S. dominance Militarily , through combined military exercises, technology transfer, coordinated actions, and confidence-building measures Diplomatically, through ... nature of space debris monitoring, China-Russia cooperation could have potential military applications. The similarity of space debris monitoring capabilities to military space surveillance capabilities ... indicate a shifting power dynamic between the two countries. For much of the history of China-Russia space relations, Russia has been the leading space power in the relationship, providing much-needed

Redefining Human Control

/reports/2018/03/redefining-human-control

This report examines the issue of human control with regard to lethal autonomy, an issue of significant interest in United Nations discussions in the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) forum. We analyze this issue in light of lessons and best practices from recent U.S. operations. Based on this analysis, we make the case for a wider framework for the application of human control over the use of force. This report recommends that CCW discussions currently focusing on process considerations, such as human control, should instead focus on outcome—namely, mitigation of inadvertent engagements. This allows consideration of a more complete set of benefits and risks of lethal autonomy and better management of risks. The report also describes best practices that can collectively serve as a safety net for the use of lethal autonomous weapons. It concludes with concrete recommendations for how the international community can more effectively address the risk of inadvertent engagements from lethal autonomy.

rests in human control, particularly over the final engagement decision—the trigger pull. Drawing upon CNA’s long history of analyzing military operations, we employ empirical analysis of recent ... their own decisions. Nongovernmental organizations are particularly worried about civilian casualties, while military leaders harbor additional concerns about friendly fire. In four years ... fallibility One clear lesson from recent military experience is that human judgment during the trigger-pull decision is not perfect. Misidentifications were the reason for about half of all U.S.-caused

China in Anti Piracy in Horn of Africa

/reports/2009/china-in-anti-piracy-in-horn-of-africa

In December 2008, the navy of the People’s Republic of China (People’s Liberation Army Navy, or PLAN) deployed a task force, made up of two guided missile destroyers and a supply ship, to participate in international anti- piracy operations off the coast of Somalia, in the Gulf of Aden/Horn of Africa (HoA) region. This deployment marked the first time in modern history that China's navy has engaged in an operational mission outside of its claimed territorial waters. The PLAN’s participation in international anti-piracy operations has been viewed by many in the United States and elsewhere as an indication of China’s apparent willingness to take on a larger military role on the global stage. On March 20, 2009, CNA China Studies hosted a half-day conference to discuss China’s anti-piracy activities. Bringing together U.S. officials, analysts, and active-duty military personnel, the conference examined the reasons that piracy has become a problem in the Gulf of Aden/HoA region; the drivers for China’s unprecedented naval participation in international anti-piracy efforts; the implications that this participation has for China’s navy; and the potential implications that it has for the United States. This report first outlines four major themes discussed throughout the conference. It then turns to a more detailed discussion of each of the conference’s three panels.

of Somalia, in the Gulf of Aden/Horn of Africa (HoA) region. This deployment marked the first time in modern history that China's navy has engaged in an operational mission outside of its claimed territorial ... military role on the global stage. On March 20, 2009, CNA China Studies hosted a half-day conference to discuss China’s anti-piracy activities. Bringing together U.S. officials, analysts, and active-duty military personnel, the conference examined the reasons that piracy has become a problem in the Gulf of Aden/HoA region; the drivers for China’s unprecedented naval participation in international

Renewal of Navys Riverine Capability A Preliminary Examination

/reports/2006/renewal-of-navys-riverine-capability-a-preliminary-examination

The Director of Deep Blue (OPNAV N3/5) asked the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) to help the Navy define the maritime domain in which riverine operations may take place, the potential missions and tasks appropriate for a riverine force, and the resource implications related to the Navy’s decision to establish a riverine capability. This report examines riverine history; defines the maritime domain as it applies to brown-water operations, identifies where riverine operations might occur; and identifies operational and functional tasks that might be employed by a riverine force. It also examines how well the U.S. Navy’s projected riverine capability fits across a range of military operations. We found that the U.S. Navy has a long and varied but episodic history of riverine operations, which are inherently joint and often combined. Ground and air combat units along with different types of naval units routinely work together. While riverine craft are usually the centerpiece of any riverine operation, they do not perform significant riverine missions by themselves. Riverine operations are also complex: they involve frequent close combat and the employment of combined arms.

projected riverine capability fits across a range of military operations. We found that the U.S. Navy has a long and varied but episodic history of riverine operations, which are inherently joint ... force, and the resource implications related to the Navy’s decision to establish a riverine capability. This report examines riverine history; defines the maritime domain as it applies to brown-water ... methodology might be used, we examined how riverine resources might support four operational tasks across a range of three military missions: security assistance, counterinsurgency (COIN)/global war

Counter-IED Analysis: Hidden Dangers, Hidden Answers

/about-us/research/case-studies/hidden-dangers

CNA analysis showed a U.S. military counter-IED (improvised explosive device) tactic was saving soldiers from roadside bombs in Iraq and led to its expansion.

Hidden Dangers CNA analysis showed a U.S. military counter-IED (improvised explosive device) tactic was saving soldiers from roadside bombs in Iraq and led to its expansion. /images/research ... — the first solid evidence that the tactic was actually protecting soldiers. “Good Lord,” the analyst muttered to himself. “This actually is a real thing.” Briefing counter-IED research to the military brass The military leadership was so hungry for any insight into the counter-IED fight that Michlovich would soon find himself briefing these results to the Chief of Naval Operations, to Brig. Gen

Marine Mammals and the Navy: A Deep Dive into Data

/about-us/research/case-studies/a-deep-dive-into-data

Navy impacts on whales and marine mammals are the subject of more than 20 CNA research projects, examining correlations between sonar activity and strandings.

a single marine biologist on staff, a group better known for its history of operations research on weapons tactics. But it was a strategic calculation. "He was pretty sharp," says Filadelfo. "He ... of military activity, there was a high probability of finding at most a single mass stranding during all of those sonar periods combined. To find more than two strandings would be highly unlikely. But beaked ... find German U-boats in World War II. "In this work I've gone back to perhaps the most famous CNA report of all, ‘Search and Screening,’" says Filadelfo. "It's one of the bibles of military operations

coming in from the cold: Napalm: The Original Weapon of Mass Destruction

/our-media/podcasts/coming-in-from-the-cold/44

The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki is seen by most as the ultimate display of man’s capacity to destroy. While the destructive power of nuclear weapons cannot be denied, there was another weapon used in the Pacific campaign which was responsible for even more civilian death, Napalm. In this episode, Bob Neer, author of “Napalm an American Biography,” joins Bill to discuss the history of Napalm and its complicated role in U.S. Military history.

44 The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki is seen by most as the ultimate display of man’s capacity to destroy. While the destructive power of nuclear weapons cannot be denied, there was another weapon used in the Pacific campaign which was responsible for even more civilian death, Napalm. In this episode, Bob Neer, author of “Napalm an American Biography,” joins Bill to discuss the history of Napalm and its complicated role in U.S. Military history. Napalm: The Original Weapon of Mass Destruction Bob Neer’s Website NPR : “'Napalm Girl': An Iconic Image Of War

coming in from the cold: The Chernobyl Meltdown: Past and Present

/our-media/podcasts/coming-in-from-the-cold/38

On April 26, 1986, reactor No.4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded, triggering one of the worst man-made disasters in human history. Today, Chernobyl is back in the news as the site of one of the first battles in the Russia-Ukraine War. In this episode of Coming in From the Cold, Steve Wills sits down with Michael Kofman and Mary Chesnut, from CNA’s Russia Studies program. They discuss the impact that the Chernobyl accident had on the Ukrainian people, and the strategic value of the site today. *Listener note: this episode was recorded on March 24, 2022, before reports emerged that Russian troops stationed in Chernobyl developed “acute radiation sickness.” Biographies Michael Kofman   is the director of CNA’s Russia Studies Program. He is an expert in Russian armed forces, military thought, capabilities, and strategy. Mr. Kofman is also a Senior Editor at War on the Rocks, where he regularly authors articles on strategy, the Russian military and Russian decision-making. Twitter:   https://twitter.com/KofmanMichael Mary Chesnut is an associate research analyst with CNA’s Russia Studies Program. Prior to joining CNA, she was the program manager of the Nuclear Security Working Group a non-partisan organization at George Washington University. Twitter:   https://twitter.com/nuke_nerd

38 On April 26, 1986, reactor No.4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded, triggering one of the worst man-made disasters in human history. Today, Chernobyl is back in the news as the site of one of the first battles in the Russia-Ukraine War. In this episode of Coming in From the Cold, Steve Wills sits down with Michael Kofman and Mary Chesnut, from CNA’s Russia Studies program ... armed forces, military thought, capabilities, and strategy. Mr. Kofman is also a Senior Editor at War on the Rocks, where he regularly authors articles on strategy, the Russian military and Russian